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Challenges Facing Bangladesh
References
1. “Bangladesh Halts
Elections, Arrest 2500.” CBS News.com-News-World.
13 January 2007.
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/13/world/main2358638.shtml;
“BD Crisis Deepens After Election Suspension.” The
News-International. 28 February 2007.
http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=40931
2. “US Envoy Seeks
Bangladesh Election Timetable.” Reuters. 4 April
2007.
http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=politicsNews&storyid=2007-04-04T070911Z_01_DHA153683_RTRUKOC_0_US-BANGLADESH.xml&src=rss&rpc=22;
“No Poll in the next 18 months.” South Asian Media
Net. 6 April 2007.
http://www.southasianmedia.net/index_story.cfm?id=377191&category=Frontend&Country=BANGLADESH
3. Rahman, Waliur. “Is
Bangladesh Heading Towards Disaster?” BBC News Online.
8 January 2007.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6241263.stm
4. “Bangladesh Halts
Elections, Arrest 2500.” CBS News.com-News-World.
13 January 2007.
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/13/world/main2358638.shtml;
At least 150 elite politicians suspected of corruption
have been detained, including a former Prime Minister’s
son. “Arafat Picked up in Late Night Raid.” The Daily
Star. Vol. 5, Number 1021. 16 April 2007.
http://www.thedailystar.net/2007/04/16/d7041601118.htm
5. Ahmed, Anis.
“Charges Pile Pressure on Bangladesh Politicos.”
Reuters. 11 April 2007.
http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=557622007
6. From 1971 until
1973, a provisional government led Bangladesh.
7. “Bangladesh Today.”
International Crisis Group. Asia Report No.121.
(23 October 2006), p. 3
8. Freedom House
Country Report 2006 (Bangladesh)
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=6918;
Freedom House Map of Press Freedom-2006
(Bangladesh).
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&year=2006
9. It should be noted
that there is a discrepancy by the UN and others as to
Bangladesh’s official population size. A United Nations
2005 estimate puts Bangladesh’s population at just over
140 million; the BBC quotes the United Nations as
stating Bangladesh’s population in 2005 as 152.6
million; the CIA World Fact Book 2007 (July 2006
estimate) places Bangladesh’s population at 147,365,352.
For more on the BBC’s statistics and the United Nations'
2005 estimate see the following links.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/country_profiles/1160598.stm#facts
http://www.un-bd.org/bgd/index.html;
Though Sunni Muslims make up the majority of
Bangladesh’s Muslim population, Shiites also live in
Bangladesh. Bangladesh’s 125 million Sunni Muslims makes
it one of the world’s largest Muslim-majority countries.
Only Indonesia and India claim larger Sunni Muslim
populations. CIA-2007 World Fact Book –
Bangladesh.
https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bg.html#People.
It is also listed as being in the top 10 most densely
populated countries in the world. BBC News Online.
06 February 2007.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/country_profiles/1160598.stm
10. Illegal migration also stems from neighboring
Myanmar into Bangladesh. While this certainly poses a
challenge to border security for Bangladesh, a large
number of Muslim refugees (percentages unknown) are
crossing into India. Lintner, Bertil. “A Cocoon of
Terror.” Asia Pacific Media Services Limited.
Available online at:
http://www.asiapacificms.com/articles/bangladesh_terror/
11. Migration of
“rebels” has led the Indian government to begin
construction of the fence, which has resulted in a
number of cross-border gun battles between Bangladeshi
and Indian troops. “India-Bangladesh Border Gunfire.”
BBC News Online. 4 March 2005.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4319515.stm
12. CIA World Fact
Book, 2007-Bangladesh.
https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bg.html#Geo
13. The Islami
Chhatra Shibir (ICS), the student wing of the JI, is
one of many known radical Islamist organizations in the
Chittagong area; others include the highly radical and
banned JMB. “Bangladesh-Extremist groups-Islami Chhatra
Shibir (ICS).” South Asia Terrorism Portal.
(2007).
http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/bangladesh/terroristoutfits/ics.htm
14. Though illegal
narcotics such as opium and cannabis are commonly
smuggled in and out of Bangladesh, India is a major
source of illegal importation of pharmaceutical drugs.
For a more detailed description of Bangladesh’s drug and
crime problem see the UN Office of Drugs and Crime’s
profile on Bangladesh at
http://www.unodc.org/pdf/india/publications/south_Asia_Regional_Profile_Sept_2005/08_bangladesh.pdf
15. The struggle for
Bengali rights led Sheik Mujibur Rehman, to found the
Awami League prior to Bangladesh’s 1971 war for
independence. For more information on the Awami League
see the official political party site.
http://www.albd.org/aldoc/50years.htm
16. “Assassination
Attempt on Hasina.” The Daily Star. 22 August
2004.
http://www.thedailystar.net/2004/08/22/d4082201011.htm
17. Kaplan, Eben.
“Bangladesh: Nationwide Attacks Raise Fears of Growing
Islamist Presence.” Council on Foreign Relations.
29 August 2005.
http://www.cfr.org/publication/8767/bangladesh.html
18.
Knight, Sam. “Former Bangladeshi Prime Minister Charged
with Murder.” London Times Online. 11 April 2007.
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article1641422.ece;
Five other members of Hasina’s Awami League have also
been charged with murder and are currently under
investigation, including Awami League Coordinator, Abdul
Jalil. Ahmed, Anis. “Charges Pile Pressure on Bangladesh
Politicos.” Reuters. 11 April 2007.
http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=557622007
19.
Chaulia, Sreeram. “New Playground of Jihad.” World
Press. 20 February 2006.
http://www.worldpress.org/Asia/2269.cfm
20. “Ex Bangladesh
Prime Minister Charged with Murder.” The Daily Times.
12 April 2007.
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C04%5C12%5Cstory_12-4-2007_pg7_39
21. Holt, Andrew.
“Islamists Pose a Growing Threat to Stability in
Bangladesh.” Global Terrorism Analysis. Terrorism
Focus, Vol. 3, Issue 2. 18 January 2006.
http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2369870
22. "South Asia,
Bangladesh: Key Economic Indicators." United States
House of Representatives, House Committee on Foreign
Affairs.
http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/archives/107/73311f.pdf
23. There are a number
of factors responsible for Bangladesh remaining an
extremely poor country, such as annual devastating
floods. Political instability and corruption as factors
are in regards to the political rivalry. “UN Development
Assistance Framework in Bangladesh, 2006-2010.”
United Nations Development Program. (March
2005).
http://www.undp.org/execbrd/pdf/BGD%20UNDAF%202006-2010%20final.pdf
24. Quote taken from
the World Bank site in the section on Anti-Corruption.
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPUBLICSECTORANDGOVERNANCE/EXTANTICORRUPTION/0,,menuPK:384461~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~theSitePK:384455,00.html
25. Figures by the
Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index
are from 2001-2006.
http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2006
26. "Human Development
Report, 2006: Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty and the
Global Water Crisis." United Nations Development
Program. (2006). Table 1-Human Development Index-137
Bangladesh.
http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/pdfs/report/HDR06-complete.pdf
27. “Bangladesh
Today.” International Crisis Group. Asia Report
No.121. (23 October 2006), p. 5.
http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/asia/south_asia/121_bangladesh_today.pdf
28. “Bangladesh
Today.” International Crisis Group. Asia Report
No.121. (23 October 2006), p. 23.
http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/asia/south_asia/121_bangladesh_today.pdf
October 2006.
http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/asia/south_asia/121_bangladesh_today.pdf
29.
"Bangladesh-Current Conditions: Education." USAID.
(August 2006).
http://www.usaid.gov/bd/education.html
30. Ganguly, Sumit. “A
New Challenge for Bangladesh.” Yale Global Online.
(30 March 2006),
http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=7196
31.
Buerk, Roland. “Bangladesh and Islamic Militants.”
BBC News Online. 25 February 2005.http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4294147.stm
32. Anzar, Uzma.
“Islamic Education: A Brief History of Madrassas with
Comments on Curricula and Current Pedagogical
Practices.” (March 2003), pp. 11-12.
http://www.uvm.edu/~envprog/madrassah/madrassah-history.pdf
33. Ulph, Stephen.
“Bangladesh Sitting on a Fundamentalist Volcano.”
Terrorism Focus. Volume 2, Issue 3. 3 February
2005.
http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=410&issue_id=3221&article_id=2369216
34.
Lakshman, Kanchan.
“Islamist Extremist Mobilization in Bangladesh.”
Terrorism Monitor. Vol. 3, Issue 12. 17 June 2005.
http://jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2369724;
“Bangladesh;
35. “Recent
Developments in Bangladesh.” United States Institute
of Peace. 24 May 2005.
http://www.usip.org/congress/testimony/2005/0524_fair.html
36.
“Bangladesh Assessment
2006.” South Asia Terrorism Portal.
http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/bangladesh/index.htm;
“Bangladesh; Today.”
International Crisis Group. Asia Report No.121.
(23 October 2006), p. 5.
http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/asia/south_asia/121_bangladesh_today.pdf
37. “History of USAID
Assistance to Bangladesh: 1972-2005.” USAID
Bangladesh. 2005.
http://www.usaid.gov/bd/files/historical_assistance.pdf
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